The defense and security sector is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by the adoption of emerging and disruptive technologies. These innovations are not only redefining the operational capabilities of armed forces and the strategies of Allied Security Organizations. Still, they are also establishing new frameworks for addressing both present and future threats.
Technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, quantum computing, and advanced materials have been identified by both the European Union and NATO as critical to the sector. These advancements are reshaping the way military strategies, logistics, and operations are developed and executed across all domains.
Emerging technologies with the greatest impact on the defense sector
Artificial intelligence (AI)
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a wide range of applications within the military, from decision-making to logistics. AI is already being utilized in autonomous systems capable of independent maneuvers and decisions, although its implementation raises ethical and legal concerns, particularly regarding the role of humans in critical processes.
In cyberspace, AI enhances the detection of vulnerabilities and the execution of both offensive and defensive actions. It also strengthens strategic deterrence by gathering intelligence on weapons and threats, reshaping the geopolitical landscape. In logistics, technologies such as additive manufacturing and digital twins, combined with AI, optimize supply chains and equipment maintenance.
GMV plays a leading role in developing AI and Big Data-based solutions for defense and security, including real-time data analysis systems for intelligence and platforms for AI-driven simulation and navigation assistance.
Autonomous systems and robotics
Autonomous systems and robotics are particularly valuable in intelligence gathering, surveillance, and analysis, as well as performing routine tasks such as border monitoring with minimal human intervention. Their integration enhances combat capabilities and reduces the risk of human casualties in operational scenarios.
In the medical field, autonomous systems will improve battlefield healthcare, minimizing the need to deploy medical specialists in the field.
In logistics, these systems will streamline the transportation of cargo and personnel, enabling the redesign of supply networks and better integration of strategic, operational, and tactical levels. This innovation promotes the concept of “on-demand” logistics.
Hypersonic systems
Hypersonic systems pose a major challenge due to their combination of high speed, maneuverability, and complex trajectories. These characteristics necessitate the development of advanced detection and countermeasure systems to modernize current air and missile defense strategies. To counter these threats, given the extremely short response times, it is essential to implement cutting-edge defense systems, including extensive sensor networks, space-based systems, unmanned platforms, radars, and algorithms powered by artificial intelligence and quantum computing, all capable of processing information in real-time.
Space systems
Space has become a critical strategic domain for military operations. Space-based capabilities, such as communications, observation, and sensing, improve mission planning and execution, enabling early warning and real-time target analysis.
Space communications improve surveillance, intelligence, and command and control (C2) capabilities, supporting multidomain operations with less reliance on terrestrial infrastructure. Space-based observation systems also provide early warning and target analysis, enabling real-time assessment of battlefield threats and damage.
New materials
New materials include advanced metals, nanotechnology, and synthetic biology. Communication systems using these materials provide enhanced capabilities, optimizing the electromagnetic spectrum. Antennas constructed from these materials boost signal strength and directionality, making them ideal for electronic warfare.
In the CBRN defense sector, nanotechnology and self-decontaminating surfaces offer advanced solutions for identifying and mitigating modern threats with reduced energy consumption. These innovations also contribute to the development of more durable equipment for extreme environments such as underwater and space operations.
Finally, additive manufacturing is revolutionizing military logistics by enabling on-site production of parts and components, including spare parts for vehicles and medical systems.
Quantum technology
Quantum technologies will enable ultra-fast data processing and provide unparalleled protection for communications, safeguarding them from interception and attacks. These technologies facilitate secure connections and interoperability between military systems on the battlefield, such as unmanned platforms, aircraft, ships, and command and control systems.
The integration of artificial intelligence and quantum technologies will lead to the development of advanced decision-support tools, enhancing distributed and more effective command and control capabilities. These technologies will also improve precision and sensitivity in surveillance, reconnaissance, and multidomain intelligence activities. In underwater environments, they will optimize target detection and underwater communications.
Advanced energy and propulsion
The development of more efficient energy and propulsion systems is enabling the operation of sustainable platforms with enhanced capabilities. This includes advanced battery systems for drones and electric vehicles used in long-duration missions, as well as directed energy technologies like laser weapons, which provide effective defense solutions against drones and projectiles.
Biotechnology
Biotechnologies and human performance enhancement technologies are key to real-time monitoring of soldiers and their environment. These innovations allow for more accurate diagnostics of a soldier’s health, mood, and overall condition, while also improving situational awareness. Sensors integrated into the soldier’s clothing or equipment deliver valuable data and can automatically recommend actions. Micro-sensors and augmented reality provide real-time information, boosting mission control and execution.
In conclusion, emerging technologies are redefining defense and security capabilities, offering innovative solutions to meet the challenges of the 21st century. However, adopting these technologies requires a balanced approach that takes into account ethics, legality, and interoperability among allied nations.
Author: Begoña Rojo
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