Sustainability is now a critical element in the financial world, and it has transformed how companies behave and investors make decisions. This approach is in response to growing social and regulatory demand, while representing an opportunity to generate long-term value. Concepts such as sustainability reporting, green funds, greenwashing, and the use of satellite data have emerged as essential elements in understanding the changes in sustainable finance.

The importance of sustainability reporting

Sustainability reporting is a fundamental tool for companies to communicate their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) situation. This type of reporting allows investors to assess the real impact of a company's activities beyond its traditional financial results.

Regulatory pressure and the demand for transparency have led to adopting international standards such as those established by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB). However, the quality and comparability of these reports often varies, presenting challenges for investors seeking to make informed decisions.

Green funds and sustainable investment

Green funds are investment vehicles that focus on financing projects or companies that promote environmental sustainability. These funds have gained popularity in recent years, driven by investors' interest in aligning their portfolios with their values and the perception that sustainable investments can offer competitive returns.

However, the proliferation of these funds has also raised concerns about greenwashing. This term refers to the practice of companies or investment funds that present themselves as "green" or sustainable without meeting the ESG standards necessary to merit that label. Greenwashing not only misleads investors, but it also undermines confidence in the capital markets.

Investors' view: risks and opportunities

From investors' perspective, sustainability is no longer just an ethical issue, but a critical factor in risk management and value creation. Institutional investors, in particular, have begun to integrate ESG criteria into their risk analysis processes, recognizing that companies that have good management of these aspects tend to be more resilient and competitive in the long term.

On the other hand, the risks associated with climate change and the transition to a low-carbon economy can significantly impact the performance of traditional investments. Investors are increasingly looking for accurate tools and data to assess how these risks could affect their portfolios, which has led to an increase in demand for reliable and detailed information.

Satellite data: an innovative tool for sustainability

Satellite data is emerging as an innovative solution to improve the accuracy and reliability of sustainability reporting. Satellites can provide real-time data on a wide range of environmental indicators, from deforestation to greenhouse gas emissions. These data are particularly valuable because they come from independent and verifiable sources, which reduces the risk of manipulation or errors in the information reported by companies.

For example, investors can use satellite imagery to monitor land use and assess whether agricultural companies are meeting their sustainability commitments. Satellite data can also be used to track water or air pollution, providing a more complete and accurate picture of the environmental impacts of corporate operations.

The feasibility and challenges of using satellite data

Despite its potential, the use of satellite data in the financial sector still faces several challenges. One of the main ones is the need to integrate these data into existing analysis and reporting systems. In addition, while satellite data can provide valuable information, it is crucial that it be complemented by other types of data to provide a complete picture of sustainability performance.

Another challenge is the interpretation of this data. A high level of technical expertise is needed to analyze satellite imagery and data effectively. Therefore, companies and investors must be prepared to invest in the technical capabilities necessary to take full advantage of this technology.

Finally, it is essential to ensure that the satellite data used is accessible and equitably available to all market participants. This implies that regulators and financial institutions must work together to develop frameworks that promote transparency and fairness in the use of this data.

Conclusion

Sustainability has ceased to be a secondary issue in the financial sector and has become a critical factor in decision-making. As investors and companies seek to integrate ESG considerations into their strategies, sustainability reporting, green funds, and the need for reliable and accurate information become increasingly important.

The use of satellite data, which GMV has extensive experience with, represents a groundbreaking opportunity for improving the quality and transparency of sustainability information, but its implementation still requires overcoming technical and regulatory challenges. As these tools are developed and integrated into financial analysis, they are likely to play a crucial role in the transition to a more sustainable and equitable economy.

Author: José María Blanco Calvin